What is the difference between unitary federal and confederal systems

The United States is one example of a federal republic. The U. Constitution grants specific powers to the national government while retaining other powers for the states. For example, the federal government can negotiate treaties with other countries while state and local authorities cannot. State governments have the power to set and enforce driving laws while the federal government lacks that ability. The United States, Canada, and Germany are just some examples of modern federalist systems. A confederation has a weak central authority that derives all its powers from the state or provincial governments.

The states of a confederation retain all the powers of an independent nation, such as the right to maintain a military force, print money, and make treaties with other national powers. The United States began its nationhood as a confederate state, under the Articles of Confederation. However, the central government was too weak to sustain the burgeoning country. Therefore, the founding fathers shifted to a federal system when drafting the Constitution. A contemporary example of a confederation is the Commonwealth of Independent States, which is comprised of several nations that were formerly part of the Soviet Union.

Unitary System. One central government controls weaker states. Power is not shared between states, counties, or provinces. Examples: China, United Kingdom although Scotland has been granted self-rule. Click on the links here to read articles about the difference between confederation and federation and the difference between unitary and federal states from Encyclopedia Britannica.

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